Final answer:
The theory of island biogeography suggests that island colonization is affected by ecological tolerance and migration rates. Island colonization is impacted by allopatric speciation, ecological tolerance, adaptive evolution, and migration rates according to the theory of island biogeography.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory of island biogeography suggests that island colonization is affected by ecological tolerance and migration rates (option D: II and III). According to the theory, islands farther from a mainland have lower migration rates, making it harder for new species to colonize the island. Additionally, islands with fewer niches and smaller populations have lower immigration rates and higher probabilities of extinction. These factors interact to determine the equilibrium number of species on an island.
Island colonization is impacted by allopatric speciation, ecological tolerance, adaptive evolution, and migration rates according to the theory of island biogeography.
The theory of island biogeography suggests that island colonization is affected by factors including allopatric speciation (I), ecological tolerance (II), adaptive evolution (III), and migration rates (IV). This theory, developed by MacArthur and Wilson, indicates that biodiversity on islands is a function of these elements, wherein the colonization rate of new species and the rate of extinction of existing species play a role in determining the island's biodiversity. In this case, the equilibrium number of species is influenced by the distance of an island from the mainland, the kind and size of the island (which impacts immigration rates and ecological diversity), and the ability of a species to adapt and evolve new forms to fill available niches (adaptive evolution).