Final answer:
Without specific temperature data for Macapá, Brazil, and the South Pole in January, it is not possible to confirm which statement about the temperature difference is accurate. Both locations are in the Southern Hemisphere, where it is summer in January, but exact temperatures are needed to determine the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine the temperature difference between Macapá, Brazil, and the South Pole in January, one must consider the seasonal variations that occur because of the tilt of the Earth's axis. In January, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere and therefore, we can expect warmer temperatures in places like Macapá, which is near the equator. On the other hand, the South Pole, being at the extreme south of the globe, will be experiencing its warmest temperatures of the year during this time too, but it is still generally cold due to its high latitude. To answer the question accurately, though, one would need specific temperature statements or data from both locations in January to make a direct comparison.
Given the reference information does not provide specific temperatures for Macapá and the South Pole in January, we cannot verify which of the given statements a, b, c, or d is factual. Thus, without the exact temperature values, this question remains unanswered. In Macapá, temperature moderations are influenced by the fact that the Southern Hemisphere is largely covered by ocean, which tempers and moderates the climate.