Final answer:
Chicago, Illinois recorded the maximum temperature of 105° in July 1995, which is the highest temperature mentioned in the provided data.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine which city recorded the maximum temperature, we can examine the provided data. The data that talks about the highest specific temperature recorded lists a temperature of 105° in Chicago, Illinois in July 1995. This is the maximum temperature mentioned among other examples, such as the unusual warmth in Europe with temperatures as high as 45°C (which is equivalent to 113°F), and the monthly temperature data that includes a high of 95°.
Therefore, based on the provided information, the city (Chicago) that recorded the maximum temperature listed a temperature of 105°. This record would be important when trying to understand extreme weather patterns rather than typical weather patterns, which require looking at comprehensive data over time.