Final answer:
An experiment tests a hypothesis by manipulating an independent variable and measuring the effect on a dependent variable. Data collected includes both qualitative and quantitative aspects, which lead to a conclusion about the hypothesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
An experiment is a systematic procedure carried out to test a hypothesis, answer a specific question, or discover how something works. To begin, scientists observe an event and identify a question/problem that can be answered through experimental research. They formulate a hypothesis that suggests a potential answer or solution to the problem, which can be tested.
Every experiment has independent variables and dependent variables. The independent variable is what the experimenter changes or controls, while the dependent variable is what is being measured or observed. For example, in an experiment where bacteria growth on two types of gel is observed, gel type (A or B) is the independent variable, and the amount of bacterial growth is the dependent variable.
Qualitative data and quantitative data are both crucial for a comprehensive study. Qualitative observations describe characteristics that are not numerically measured, such as texture or color, whereas quantitative data refers to information that can be counted or measured, like the number of bacteria colonies.
During the scientific process, detailed observations are made, leading to the collection of data. Once the experiment is completed, results are compiled, and a discussion is conducted to understand the implications of the findings. The conclusion is a deduction made based on the data, determining whether the hypothesis is supported or not. The experiment should be repeatable to verify results and ensure reliability.
In our provided example, where a scientist wishes to understand the growth rate of bacteria on different gels, she would document the number of bacteria present after 24 hours. This quantitative observation could then be analyzed to draw conclusions regarding the effect of different gel types on bacterial growth. The consistency and reproducibility of the experiment would strengthen the validity of the conclusions drawn.