Final answer:
Phase changes are transitions between solid, liquid, and gas states of matter, driven by temperature and pressure changes, and are represented on a phase diagram. Melting and freezing are between solid and liquid, vaporization (including boiling and evaporation) and condensation are between liquid and gas, and sublimation and deposition are between solid and gas.
Step-by-step explanation:
Phase changes are the transformations of matter from one state of solid, liquid, or gas to another. These changes occur due to fluctuations in temperature and pressure and can be depicted on a phase diagram. Here's a summary of the phase changes:
Melting: The change from solid to liquid.
Freezing: The transition from liquid to solid.
Vaporization: The process of liquid turning into gas, which includes both boiling and evaporation.
Evaporation: A type of vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase.
Boiling: When a liquid turns to gas below the surface, often at a specific temperature called the boiling point.
Condensation: The change of state from a gas to a liquid.
Sublimation: The transition from solid directly to gas.
Deposition: The direct phase change from gas to solid.