Final answer:
The Tibetan Plateau, known as "the roof of the world," is the prominent geographic feature in western China.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bordered by high mountains like Everest, it features a type B climate with arid conditions and a sparse population, mainly in river valleys such as Lhasa.
The large geographic feature that dominates much of western China and is nicknamed "the roof of the world" is the Tibetan Plateau. The Tibetan Plateau stands over three miles above sea level, bordered by some of the world's tallest mountain ranges, such as Mount Everest and K2. This region is known for its sparse population, mainly inhabiting river valleys, with Lhasa being the largest city. The Plateau's altitude is responsible for the region's arid climate, with precipitation often occurring as hailstorms.
The climate of western China is shaped by the rain shadow effect caused by the towering mountain ranges surrounding it. This results in type B climate conditions, characterized by desert landscapes like the Takla Makan Desert and largely uninhabitable areas. Despite these harsh conditions, the melting snow from high elevations is essential, as it feeds streams that become significant rivers flowing towards the east.