Final answer:
Hinduism and Buddhism have influenced Indian society, culture, and government, shaping aspects such as social structure, literature, architecture, and the philosophy of rulers.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hinduism and Buddhism have had a significant impact on India's social structure, literature, architecture, and the philosophy of its rulers. Both religions influenced Indian philosophies, culture, and government, as stated in the chapter's Enduring Understanding statement.
Hinduism, with its belief in the caste system and devotion to deities, shaped the social structure of India. It influenced monarchies through the concept of dharma, which prescribed moral and ethical responsibilities for rulers.
Buddhism became a major source of inspiration for monumental architecture and high art in Asia. It spread to different countries such as China, Korea, Thailand, and Japan, where it was adopted by millions of people.