Final answer:
In a corporation, the proprietary element typically divided into shares and represented by transferable certificates is known as stock. Stock allows a company to raise capital, and stockholders can earn dividends and capital gains.
Step-by-step explanation:
The proprietary element in a corporation that is usually divided into shares and represented by transferable certificates is known as stock. When a corporation sells stock to the public, it is raising financial capital. This initial sale of stock is called the initial public offering (IPO). Afterward, the stock can be traded among investors without the corporation receiving additional funds. Stockholders can earn a return on their investment through dividends and capital gains.