Final answer:
To synthesize new protoplasm, nutrients, energy, enzymes, DNA, and ribosomes are all required. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, making them a central component in the creation of protoplasm, yet all elements listed are essential.
Step-by-step explanation:
To synthesize new protoplasm, which is the living part of a cell that includes the cytoplasm and nucleus, several components are required. First and foremost, nutrients are needed as the raw building blocks for macromolecules. These nutrients include macronutrients like carbon and hydrogen that are essential for cells to build life-sustaining molecules. Cells rely on energy, often in the form of ATP, to drive the anabolic reactions that create these macromolecules. Moreover, enzymes, which are themselves proteins, are crucial for catalyzing the various biochemical reactions within the cell.
DNA contains the genetic instructions necessary to synthesize proteins. These instructions are transcribed into mRNA, which then travel to ribosomes, the cellular machinery where proteins are actually synthesized. Thus, to synthesize new protoplasm, all these elements are essential: nutrients provide the raw material, energy drives the construction, enzymes catalyze the reactions, DNA provides the instructions, and ribosomes serve as the site of protein synthesis.
Given the options provided and the integral role each part plays in the formation of new protoplasm, a final answer cannot be narrowed down to a single option as they all contribute to the process. However, since ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis actually occurs and proteins account for more mass and functionality within the cell than any other macromolecule, ribosomes would be the most apropos response when considering the question in the broadest biological context.