Final answer:
Line graphs and bar graphs use an x-axis and y-axis to plot data, while pictographs and pie charts do not. Line graphs are suitable for trends over time, whereas bar graphs are for comparing categories.
Step-by-step explanation:
The types of graphs that usually employ an x-axis and y-axis to plot data are a. line graph, b. bar graph, and d. all of the above. A line graph typically represents data values on the x-axis and frequency points on the y-axis, with the points connected by line segments. Bar graphs use the x-axis to display categories and the y-axis to show associated values, typically as bars of different heights. In contrast, c. pictographs use images or icons to represent data quantities, and e. pie charts represent data in a circular format, showing the proportions of a whole, without using an x-axis and y-axis layout.
When selecting the type of graph to use, it is important to consider the nature of the data and the most effective way to communicate the information. Line graphs are appropriate for showing changes over time; bar graphs are useful for comparing different groups or categories. Pie charts are most effective for displaying parts of a whole. These graphs also have potential for being manipulated to alter viewer perception, so caution should be exercised to present data accurately.