Question

Enzymes are proteins that impact chemical reactions in cells, which statement describes the conditions under which enzymes are most effective?

A in a wide pH range and small temperature range
B. in a wide pH range and wide temperature range
c. in a small pH range and a wide temperature range
D. in a small pH range and a small temperature range

Answer 1

Enzymes are most effective within a small pH range and a small temperature range, where they maintain their structure and functionality. Extremes in pH or temperature can cause enzymes to denature and lose their ability to catalyze reactions effectively. Correct answer is D) in a small pH range and a small temperature range.

Step-by-step explanation:

Enzymes are proteins that impact chemical reactions in cells by catalyzing them. These enzymes are most effective in specific conditions, particularly concerning pH and temperature. Enzymes generally work best within a narrow pH range, where the active site amino-acid side chains are optimally charged for catalysis. Outside of this pH range, enzymes can denature and lose effectiveness.

Similarly, enzymes have an optimum temperature range; elevating temperature can increase reaction rates, but too high or too low temperatures can also lead to denaturation. Therefore, the statement that best describes the conditions under which enzymes are most effective is D: in a small pH range and a small temperature range.