Final answer:
Heat is the transfer of thermal energy, while temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. Temperature is measured with thermometers, and heat flows from warmer to cooler bodies until equilibrium. Coats insulate by trapping air, and touching hot objects can cause burns due to rapid heat transfer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Heat and Temperature
Heat refers to the transfer of thermal energy between objects due to a temperature difference, whereas temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object. We measure temperature with devices called thermometers, which give readings based on standardized scales, like Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin.
The effects of heat can be observed in various physical changes, such as the melting of ice to water or the increase in reaction rates in chemistry. Heat flows from a higher temperature object to a lower temperature object until thermal equilibrium is reached; that is, until both objects are at the same temperature.
Coats work by trapping air close to the body. This air gets warmed by the body's heat and acts as an insulating layer, slowing the flow of heat away from the body and thereby keeping you warm in cold environments.
If you grab a red-hot poker or drop live coals on your feet, it demonstrates the transfer of a large amount of heat from a high temperature object to a lower temperature object (in this case, your skin), resulting in burns or pain due to the significant temperature difference and rapid energy transfer.