Final answer:
Earthquakes occur due to the movement of tectonic plates at specific plate boundaries, resulting in stress build-up and the release of energy when the fault slips. Different plate boundaries, such as convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries, can cause earthquakes in various geographic locations. The interaction of these boundaries and plate movements contributes to the distribution of earthquakes worldwide.
Step-by-step explanation:
Earthquakes occur as a result of the movement of tectonic plates on Earth's lithosphere. The lithosphere is divided into several large plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere below.
At plate boundaries, there are three main types of plate interactions that can cause earthquakes:
- Convergent boundaries: Here, two plates collide, and one is forced beneath the other in a process called subduction. The intense pressure and friction at these boundaries can result in large earthquakes. Examples of convergent boundaries are the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate along the west coast of the United States.
- Divergent boundaries: In these areas, two plates move away from each other, creating a gap. This movement can result in earthquakes as the plates separate. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a divergent boundary where earthquakes occur.
- Transform boundaries: In these locations, two plates slide past each other horizontally. The friction and pressure between the plates can cause earthquakes. The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a transform boundary.
Earthquakes occur at these specific locations because the stress and energy build-up in the crust due to plate movement are eventually released when the fault slips and earthquakes occur. The interaction of different types of boundaries and plate movements is responsible for the diverse distribution of earthquakes globally.