Final answer:
The question pertains to the oceanic zones based on depth and distance from shore, and freshwater biome characteristics. The ocean is divided into photic, aphotic, and abyssal zones, as well as intertidal, neritic, and oceanic zones.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question relates to the division of ocean zones based on water depth and distance from the shoreline, characteristics of freshwater biomes, and findings in marine biology. To compare the characteristics of the ocean zones, we can look at the division detailed in the illustration provided:
- The photic zone extends from the surface to 200 m and is where sunlight penetrates, allowing photosynthesis.
- The aphotic zone extends from 200 to 4000 m and has no sunlight, thereby having a vastly different ecosystem compared to the photic zone.
- The abyssal zone is from 4000 m to the ocean bottom, which is known for its high pressure, cold temperature, and unique organisms.
- Intertidal and neritic zones are areas closer to shore, which are significantly affected by tidal movements and sunlight, respectively.
- The oceanic zone is deep open water beyond the continental shelf, covering most of the ocean's area.
- The benthic realm is a section of the oceanic zone adjacent to the continental shelf that encompasses the ocean floor.