Final answer:
The four principles of training in health and fitness are progression, overload, specificity, and reversibility, which guide the creation of effective exercise programs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four principles of training that are typically taught in health and fitness contexts are progression, overload, specificity, and reversibility.
These principles serve as guidelines for creating effective exercise programs. Progression refers to the need to increase the intensity or duration of exercise gradually over time to continue to challenge the body. Overload suggests that in order to improve physical fitness, the body must exercise at a level beyond what it's accustomed to.
Specificity means that the training should be relevant to the sport or fitness goals at hand, focusing on specific skills or muscle groups. Lastly, reversibility indicates that fitness gains can be lost if one stops exercising, essentially 'use it or lose it.'