Final answer:
Janine is given an IV infusion of pitocin to induce labor as she is post-term and not progressing naturally. Newborns are at higher risk for dehydration due to their greater surface area to volume ratio and higher metabolic needs. Breast milk is produced by lactocytes and carried to the nipple pores for the baby through milk ducts.
Step-by-step explanation:
IV Infusion of Pitocin
An IV infusion of pitocin is started for Janine who is 41 weeks pregnant to induce labor because she has surpassed her due date and is experiencing prolonged labor without significant cervical dilation. Pitocin, a synthetic form of the hormone oxytocin, is used to stimulate contractions, which can help to progress labor, dilate the cervix, and ultimately lead to delivery of the baby. Its administration is crucial when labor is not progressing on its own and there is a need to reduce potential risks associated with post-term pregnancy.
Newborns and Dehydration
Newborns are particularly susceptible to dehydration due to their small body size, high body surface area to mass ratio, and their greater fluid turnover rate. Compared to adults, infants have an increased metabolic rate, which can lead to a quick depletion of fluids if not replenished adequately. It is crucial to ensure that newborns receive sufficient hydration either through formula or breastfeeding to maintain homeostasis.
Breast Milk Transit
Breast milk is produced by lactocytes in the breast and is then transported to the nipple pores through milk ducts. Upon the baby's suckling or simulation of the nipple, the milk is ejected through the nipple pores for the baby to consume. This process is governed by the let-down reflex which is triggered by the hormone oxytocin.