Final answer:
Listeners should focus on the substance of what is being said to avoid distractions. Utilizing visual and audio aids, along with proper posture and movement, can aid in delivering an effective message. However, the credibility and attractiveness of the speaker should not overshadow the importance of the substance. Therefore, the correct option is C. Substance
Step-by-step explanation:
To avoid distractions and obstructions in the listening process, listeners should focus on the substance of what is being said rather than on the speaker's voice, appearance, delivery style, or their own preexisting beliefs and values. The substance refers to the core content and message that the speaker is conveying. Concentrating on the substance helps listeners stay engaged with the topic and retain the important information being presented. When considering delivery, it is crucial for a speaker to utilize clarity in voice modulation, proper phrasing, stress, and tone to ensure that the message is effectively communicated and understood without being distracting.
When writing a speech, using visual and audio aids can support and clarify the message, making it more accessible and memorable for the audience. Furthermore, delivering the speech with an appropriate balance of posture and movement can enhance the speaker's ability to engage with the audience. It's also important to remember the credibility and physical attractiveness of the speaker, which have been shown to influence persuasiveness. However, the main focus for listeners should remain on the substance to avoid being swayed by these extraneous factors.