Final answer:
Using the left-hand rule for a negative charge traveling in a downward-pointing magnetic field, the force would be directed horizontally and perpendicular to the charge's velocity, pointing outwards from the path.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the direction of the force on a −1C charge traveling at a speed of 1.41 m/s, 45° to the vertical in a downward-pointing magnetic field of 1 T, we can use the right-hand rule. Considering the charge is negative, we would actually use the left-hand rule, which is a mirror of the right-hand rule used for positive charges. We point our left-hand thumb in the direction of the charge's velocity (downward and at a 45° angle to the vertical), our fingers in the direction of the magnetic field (downwards), and the force will be directed out from the palm. Hence, in this case, the force would be directed horizontally and perpendicular to the direction of the charge's velocity, pointing outwards from the charge's path.