Final answer:
The Sun is located in the Orion Spur, a minor arm of the Milky Way Galaxy, near the inner edge and about 30,000 light-years from the galactic center.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Sun is located within a spiral galaxy known as the Milky Way. Specifically, it resides in a structure called the Orion Spur, which is a minor spiral arm situated between two larger spiral arms. This spur is roughly 10,000 light-years in length and features a mix of interstellar gas and dust. The Orion Spur also houses the Orion Nebula and the Cygnus Rift, which are easy to see from our vantage point on Earth. It's important to note that the Sun is near the inner edge of this arm and is approximately 30,000 light-years away from the galactic center.