Final answer:
The initial stage of forest development in succession is likely the growth of lichens, acting as pioneer species on bare rock. The false statement about biomes is the claim that boreal forests are dominated by deciduous trees, as they are typically dominated by coniferous trees. Therefore correct option is C
Step-by-step explanation:
The initial stage of forest development in succession is most likely marked by the growth of pioneer species, which tend to be hardy and able to grow in sparse, nutrient-poor conditions. The dominant pioneer species in primary succession on bare rock are often lichens, which are able to grow without soil and contribute to soil formation by breaking down the rock into finer particles over time. Once lichens have helped to create a thin layer of soil, mosses and other pioneer species can begin to establish themselves, gradually leading to the growth of grasses, and eventually shrubs and trees.
Regarding biomes, the false statement is that boreal forests are dominated by deciduous trees. Boreal forests, also known as taiga, are usually dominated by coniferous trees, such as pines, spruces, and firs. Deciduous trees are more typical of temperate forests rather than boreal forests. Thus, the correct answer, which is false, is that boreal forests are dominated by deciduous trees.