Final answer:
The maximum voltage (ΔVmax) can be calculated with the formula VAB = Ed, and the phase angle between current and voltage in an AC circuit can be determined using the inverse tangent of the difference between reactances divided by resistance. The peak current in resistive circuits is given by Io = Vo/R, with voltage and current in phase if the circuit is purely resistive.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the required maximum voltage (ΔVmax), we use the formula VAB = E⋅d, where E is the maximum electric field and d is the distance between the plates. Using this relationship, we can determine the voltage across the capacitor or any two points A and B within the electric field.
The phase angle by which the current leads or lags the applied voltage in an AC circuit can be found by calculating the reactances and the impedance and then using the formula to find the phase difference, which is given by the inverse tangent of the difference between the reactances divided by the resistance. When an inductor or capacitor is involved in an AC circuit, the current may lead (in a capacitive circuit) or lag (in an inductive circuit) the voltage, depending on the reactance values, which are frequency-dependent.
With regards to the current and voltage relationships within resistive circuits, when a voltage Vo is applied across a resistor R, the peak current Io can be calculated using Io = Vo/R. If the circuit is purely resistive, then the voltage and current are in phase, meaning there is no phase angle between them.