Final answer:
In India, the judiciary is independent, having the ability to make decisions without external interference, and integrated, with a dual court system of state and federal courts. It has evolved to become a key component of the nation's democracy, interpreting the Constitution and providing checks and balances with other government branches. Judges in India operate with judicial independence but their enforcement depends on the executive and legislative branches.
Step-by-step explanation:
Independent and Integrated Judiciary in India
The Indian Judiciary is both independent and integrated. An independent judiciary refers to the degree to which the courts and judges can make and interpret laws without intervention from the legislative and executive branches of the government. This concept is crucial for ensuring that the justice system remains impartial and is upheld by a strict separation of powers, which also includes the power of judicial review to protect the rights of minority groups. The integration aspect of the Indian Judiciary comes from the country's dual court system, which includes both state and federal courts, ensuring multiple layers of oversight and protection of individual rights.
Judicial independence provides judges the freedom to rule on cases without fear of retribution, allowing them to issue rulings based on the constitution and legal precedent. The integrated nature of the system allows for a tiered approach, offering multiple avenues for individuals to seek justice. Alexander Hamilton explained the importance of a separate judiciary as one which has 'neither force nor will, but merely judgment', emphasizing the judiciary's reliance on the other branches for enforcement of its decisions. The Indian Judiciary, like its U.S. counterpart, serves as the interpreter of the Constitution and maintains checks and balances with the other government branches.
In India, the judiciary has evolved under British influence but has developed its unique facets to serve its population. Its courts are tasked with interpreting and applying laws across a wide spectrum of cases. The judicial process in India ensures the courts' power is confined strictly to legal interpretation and rulings in cases they decide to hear, safeguarding against unjust laws and preserving the nation's democratic principles.