Final answer:
The Z-score is a measure of how many standard deviations an individual data point is away from the mean. Probability can be calculated using Z-scores and the area under the normal curve. The Empirical Rule can be used to estimate the range of values within a certain number of standard deviations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Z-score is a measure of how many standard deviations an individual data point is away from the mean of a distribution. To calculate the probability of getting a value less than a given Z-score, you can look up the area under the normal curve to the left of that Z-score in a Z-table. For example, a Z-score of -2.26 corresponds to a probability of 0.0119.
The probability of getting a value greater than a given Z-score can be calculated by subtracting the probability of getting a value less than that Z-score from 1. For example, a Z-score of +2.59 corresponds to a probability of 1 - 0.9952 = 0.0048.
Based on the mean and standard deviation provided, you can calculate the Z-score for the number of people testing positive for Lyme disease and use it to determine the expected percentage of the time you would see more than 7 people with Lyme disease. You can also use the Empirical Rule to estimate the range of the number of patients with Lyme disease that you would expect 95% of the time.