Final answer:
The appropriate test statistic for the social researcher's claim about radio listening habits is the t-test. This is because the sample size is less than 30 and the population standard deviation is assumed to be unknown. T-tests are used for comparing sample means to known population means in such conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The appropriate test statistic for testing the social researcher's claim about average adult radio listening hours is the t-test. This is because the sample size is small (< 30), and we assume that the population standard deviation is unknown, which is typical for this kind of research. This statistical test is used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the known population mean and the observed sample mean.
For the other homework problems provided as a reference, the same reasoning would apply. The hypothesis tests involve comparing a sample mean to a known population mean using the sample standard deviation, so the t-test would again be the appropriate choice, as long as the sample size is small and the population standard deviation is not known.