Subordinating conjunctions connect dependent clauses to independent clauses to form complex sentences. They indicate relationships such as time, cause and effect, or contrast, and understanding their function is crucial for correct sentence structure and punctuation.
Subordinating conjunctions are words that join dependent (or subordinate) clauses to independent clauses, creating a complex sentence structure. A dependent clause, which begins with a subordinating conjunction like although, because, or when, cannot stand alone as a sentence. It must attach to an independent clause to convey a complete thought. A common function of subordinating conjunctions is to show relationships between ideas, such as time, cause and effect, or contrast.
For example, in the sentence 'To get a good grade, you must complete all of your assignments,' the introductory phrase 'To get a good grade' sets the stage for the main clause and begins with an infinitive phrase. This introductory phrase doesn't require a comma as it is shorter than four words. In more complex sentences, such as compound-complex sentences, you may find multiple main clauses and subordinate clauses intertwined, requiring careful punctuation with commas, semicolons, and sometimes colons, especially in lists or to introduce related independent clauses.
In another example, 'This peach is way beyond ripe, and I refuse to pay for it,' there are two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction and. When forming compound sentences, remember to use the correct conjunctions to adequately convey the relationship between clauses.