Final answer:
The term for when the outcome of one trial does not affect another is called independence, and in the context of probability, Paul's guesses are independent events. Calculating the probability of guessing more than a certain percentage of questions correctly on a test would typically use binomial probability, but for a high percentage, the probability is practically zero.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statistical term for when the outcome of one trial does not affect the outcome of another trial is called independence. The guesses on each question are independent events because the probability of getting any one question right is 1/4, and each guess does not provide information about other guesses.
In probability theory, if the outcomes of different trials are independent and the probability of success, p, stays the same throughout, then we might be dealing with a binomial probability scenario. However, if we are looking for only one success after a certain number of failures, this would be a geometric probability scenario.
Regarding the student's test, as each multiple-choice question offers four choices, and guessing is random, calculating the exact probability of guessing more than a certain percentage correctly would require a binomial probability calculation. An example closer to the topic would be the probability of a student guessing exactly 75% correct; however, for a less probable event such as guessing more than 75% of a 32-question test correctly, this probability can be extremely low and practically zero, represented as P(x>24) = 0.