Final answer:
The question is about calculating the p-value for a two-tailed hypothesis test with a given z-score. The p-value is determined by doubling the area in one tail of the standard normal distribution beyond the z-score of 2.31.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question is regarding the computation of the p-value for a two-tailed hypothesis test in statistics, where the given z-score is 2.31. To find the p-values, we refer to the standard normal distribution, where for a two-tailed test, we are interested in the area under the curve that lies outside of the -z and +z values. Since no exact value was provided for alpha (the significance level), we cannot definitively conclude whether the null hypothesis should be rejected or not without this information.
However, if we were to calculate the p-value for a z-score of 2.31 in a two-tailed test, it would involve finding the area in the tails that are beyond the z-score of 2.31 and then doubling that value, because a two-tailed test considers both the positive and negative directions. So, we can use a standard normal distribution table or a calculator function like the NormalCDF on a graphing calculator to find the area in one tail, which is the probability of a z-score being greater than 2.31. Then we multiply this probability by two to get the two-tailed p-value.