Final answer:
The genotypes of the family in question are mother: IAi Rh-Rh-, father: IAIB Rh+Rh-, and children's genotypes vary with both ABO alleles and a mix of Rh+ and Rh- blood types. The blood donation is possible from the mother to the father as the AB blood group and Rh+ factor of the father are compatible with the A blood type and Rh- factor of the mother.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question involves determining the genotypes and possible offspring's blood types given the parents' ABO and Rh blood groups. A woman with Type A / Rh negative blood has the possible genotypes of IAi and Rh-, since the A blood type can be either homozygous (IAIA) or heterozygous (IAi) and she must be Rh- (negative) to not have the Rh antigen. The man with Type AB / Rh positive blood has the genotype IAIB and can either be Rh+ (homozygous Rh+Rh+) or heterozygous Rh+Rh-. Their four children have blood types A-, B+, AB-, and A+, indicating that the parents can pass on either A or B alleles, and the Rh- allele from the mother and an Rh+ from the father since there is a child with Rh negative blood type.
In this family, the mother's genotype is likely IAi Rh-Rh-, and the father is IAIB Rh+Rh-. The children are A- (IAi Rh-Rh-), B+ (IBi Rh+Rh-), AB- (IAIB Rh-Rh-), and A+ (IAi Rh+Rh-).
Regarding blood donation, a woman with Type A / Rh negative blood can donate to an AB / Rh positive husband because the AB blood group can receive A, B, AB, and O blood types and Rh+ individuals can receive both Rh+ and Rh- blood.