Final answer:
Carcinogens are agents that cause cancer by inducing genetic mutations in cells, leading to uncontrolled cell division. Chemicals in cigarettes and UV radiation are common carcinogens that can cause lung and skin cancer, respectively. The risk of cancer depends on exposure levels and individual factors, while signs of cancer include lumps and unexplained weight loss.
Step-by-step explanation:
Carcinogens are agents with the potential to cause cancer. Cancer, a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division, often results from genetic mutations. These mutations can disrupt the normal cell cycle, leading to the growth of tumors. Chemical carcinogens, such as those found in cigarettes or resulting from UV radiation, can induce mutations in DNA.
Average people might encounter carcinogens through lifestyle choices or environmental exposures. For example, smokers risk lung cancer from chemicals in cigarettes, while everyone is exposed to UV radiation from the sun, which is associated with skin cancer. The risk posed by a carcinogen greatly depends on factors such as the level and duration of exposure, as well as individual genetic susceptibility.
Tumor-suppressor genes can become a factor when they are mutated, losing their ability to control cell division and allowing for the development of cancer. As for cancer treatments, they can include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical removal of tumors. Common warning signs of cancer include lumps, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and persistent pain.
The fact that lung cancer is the deadliest form of cancer despite not being the most common can be explained by the aggressive nature of lung cancer and the critical function of the lungs coupled with late-stage diagnosis, often leading to poor prognosis.