Final Answer:
The author uses the phrase gatekeepers of publishing to suggest
people who determine the success of written material.Thus the correct option is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
The author employs the phrase "gatekeepers of publishing" to convey the idea that these individuals play a crucial role in deciding the success or acceptance of written material. This term refers to those who have the power to control and regulate what gets published and widely distributed. In the context of the question, the phrase suggests that these gatekeepers hold the key to determining whether a piece of written material will achieve recognition, reach a broader audience, or succeed in the competitive realm of publishing.
These gatekeepers could include editors, publishers, literary agents, and other influential figures in the publishing industry who assess and decide which works will be brought to the public eye. Their decisions impact the trajectory of an author's career and the visibility of their work. The use of the term implies that these individuals act as guardians or decision-makers, holding the metaphorical gate that allows written material to enter the literary landscape.Thus the correct option is D.