We'll use the exponent rule that a^(b+c) = a^b*a^c
to break up 17^16 into 17^(14+2) = 17^14*17^2
That allows us to factor like so
17^16+17^14
17^14*17^2+17^14*1
17^14(17^2 + 1)
Computing 17^14 is a lot more difficult compared to computing 17^2 + 1, assuming you only could use paper and pencil.
Note that 17^2 = 17*17 = 289, so 17^2 + 1 = 289+1 = 290
Because 290 ends in a 0, this means that 5 is a factor
290 = 5*58
This makes 5 to be a factor of the original expression.
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So overall,
17^16+17^14 = 17^14(17^2 + 1) = 17^14*290 = 17^14*5*58 = 5*17^14*58
The stuff "17^14*58" doesn't matter. All we care about is that factor of 5.
Since 5 is a factor, this means that 17^16+17^14 is a multiple of 5, or 17^16+17^14 is divisible by 5.
Phrased another way, 17^16+17^14 all divided over 5 leads to some integer. In this case, the integer would be the result of 17^14*58.