Final answer:
In the quantization of charge, when a neutral rubber rod and glass rod are rubbed together and 7.54×10¹⁶ electrons are transferred, the rubber rod becomes negatively charged with a charge of -1.2064 C, and the glass rod becomes positively charged with a charge of +1.2064 C, demonstrating charging by contact and charge conservation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of quantization of charge refers to the fact that charge can only exist in discrete amounts, typically multiples of the elementary charge carried by a single electron. If a neutral rubber rod (acceptor) is rubbed with a neutral glass rod (donor), and 7.54×10¹⁶ electrons are transferred, one can calculate the charge on each rod. It follows from the relationship:
Charge (Q) = Number of electrons (n) × Charge of one electron (e)
Where the charge of one electron is approximately -1.60×10¹⁹C. Multiplying 7.54×10¹⁶ by -1.60×10¹⁹C gives us the total charge transferred:
Q = 7.54×10¹⁶ × -1.60×10¹⁹C
Q = -1.2064 C
As the rubber rod gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged with a charge of -1.2064 C. Conversely, the glass rod loses electrons and thus becomes positively charged with a charge of +1.2064 C. This is an example of charging by contact where materials get charged due to the transfer of electrons. The total charge before and after this process remains conserved, in compliance with the law of charge conservation.