Final answer:
A current is induced in a circuit when it moves relative to a magnetic field or vice versa. This is explained by Faraday's law, and the direction of the induced current and magnetic force can be determined using the right-hand rule, showing that the magnetic force is perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the motion of the charges.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a circuit moves toward or away from a magnet, or the magnet moves toward or away from the circuit, a current is indeed induced.
This is due to the change in magnetic flux through the circuit, which by Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, causes an electromotive force (EMF) to be generated, and if the circuit is closed, a current flows. The direction of this induced current can be determined using Lenz's Law, which states that the current will flow in such a way as to oppose the change in flux.
The right-hand rule (RHR-1) is used to determine the direction of the magnetic force on a moving charge in a magnetic field. According to RHR-1, if you orient your right hand with the thumb pointing in the direction of the charge's velocity and sweep your fingers towards the magnetic field direction, your palm will face the direction of the force on a positive charge (and opposite for a negative charge).
Thus, the direction of the magnetic force is indeed perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the motion of the charges. This principle is essential in understanding the operation of electrical motors and generators.
The mechanism by which one magnet exerts a force on another is through the magnetic fields produced by the moving electric charges (currents) within the magnets. As established by the physical law that like poles repel and unlike poles attract, this interaction between magnetic fields and moving charges is the foundation of many technologies including magnetic imaging and electric motors.