Question

A. The hepatitis C viral genome

1. has polyprotein-encoding regions in its 5' and 3' ends.

2. O is a double-stranded RNA genome.

3. has untranslated regions in its 5' and 3' ends.

4. O is a single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome.

B. The hepatitis C virus

1. enters a latent state and has a proof-reading polymerase.

2. replicates in high numbers and has a high mutation rate.

3. replicates slowly and has a low mutation rate.

4. replicates slowly but has a high mutation rate.

C. Which of the following are challenges to the treatment of Hepatitis C infection?

1. Lack of diagnostic tests and specific antivirals.

2. Individuals unaware of their infection and extremely expensive antiviral drugs.

3. Mild symptoms that do not pose great danger to infected persons.

4. Resistance to vaccine and a lack of specific drugs.

D. Which of the following proteins would be available inside the host cell for HIV?

1. reverse transcriptase

2. O integrase

3. None in this list

4. Vpu, Vif and Nef

E. AIDS develops when

1. the macrophage cell count drops below a certain level.

2. the CD4+ T cell count drops below a certain level.

3. the CD4+ T cell count exceeds a certain level.

4. the CD8+ T cell count drops below a certain level.

F. which of the following occurs immediately after HIV uncoats inside the human cells.

1. replication

2. reverse transcription

3. integration

4. transcription

G. The only way out of the human cell for HIV starts with this step:

1. transcription

2. integration

3. translation

4. DNA replication

Answer 1

The hepatitis C virus has untranslated regions at both ends of its genome and faces challenges in treatment due to unawareness and drug costs. HIV/AIDS is characterized by a drop in CD4+ T cells, and upon entering the host cell, reverse transcriptase is a key enzyme used.

Step-by-step explanation:

Regarding the Hepatitis C viral genome, it has untranslated regions in its 5' and 3' ends, not encoding regions. The hepatitis C virus is not a double-stranded RNA genome but a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. Challenges to the treatment of Hepatitis C infection include individuals unaware of their infection and the high cost of antiviral drugs. For HIV, once inside the host cell, proteins available include reverse transcriptase, integrase, Vpu, Vif, and Nef. AIDS is characterized by a decline in the CD4+ T cell count below a critical level. After HIV uncoats inside the human cells, reverse transcription occurs immediately. The release of new HIV from the human cell begins with the step of translation of viral mRNA into proteins, which then assemble into new virions.