Final answer:
Chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Jacobsen syndrome, and translocation-related cancers can be identified through genetic testing like karyograms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Examples of chromosomal abnormalities include conditions like Down syndrome, characterized by an extra chromosome 21, and Turner syndrome, where females have only one X chromosome. Less commonly known is Jacobsen syndrome, identified by a deletion on chromosome 11, which causes distinctive facial features and heart defects. Moreover, certain cancers, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia, involve translocations, where genetic material from one chromosome reattaches to another.
These conditions can be diagnosed through a karyogram, which reveals the number and structure of chromosomes in a cell. Genetic testing has become an important tool for identifying these chromosomal changes that can lead to various health and developmental issues.