Final answer:
UTIs are caused by bacteria, primarily Escherichia coli from the normal gut microbiota, but also by other gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. Infections can occur when bacteria are introduced to the urinary tract. Diagnosis is typically through urinalysis, which screens for signs of bacterial presence.
Step-by-step explanation:
Microorganisms Responsible for UTIs:The microorganisms responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs) are often members of the normal gut microbiota. The most common microbe causing UTIs is Escherichia coli, which resides in the large intestine and can lead to infection if introduced to the urinary tract. Other gram-negative bacteria including Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are also notable for causing UTIs. In addition, gram-positive pathogens such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus agalactiae can be associated with cystitis.
UTIs are more common in women due to anatomical differences and can be exacerbated by factors like improper hygiene, the use of urinary catheters, and specific conditions in men, such as enlarged prostate.Routine urine analyses, including dipstick tests, can screen for the presence of infection by detecting nitrites, leukocyte esterase, and other markers indicative of bacterial infection. In some cases, UTIs can be caused by bacteria that are resistant to common antibiotics, requiring more advanced treatment options.