Question

Hippocampal LTP-induced increases in transcription:

A Are primarily the result of retrograde messengers
B Is needed for long-lasting synaptic structural and protein expressionchanges
C Is critical for both early and late forms of LTP

Answer 1

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent strengthening of a synaptic connection, based on the Hebbian principle. One mechanism involved in LTP is the activation of NMDA receptors, which allows Ca²+ ions to enter the postsynaptic cell. The increased number of AMPA receptors strengthens the synapse and enhances the excitatory effect of glutamate, facilitating synaptic plasticity and learning.

Step-by-step explanation:

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent strengthening of a synaptic connection, based on the Hebbian principle. One mechanism involved in LTP is the activation of NMDA receptors, which allows Ca²+ ions to enter the postsynaptic cell. The entry of Ca²+ ions initiates a signaling cascade that leads to the insertion of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane.

The increased number of AMPA receptors strengthens the synapse and enhances the excitatory effect of glutamate, facilitating synaptic plasticity and learning. Therefore, hippocampal LTP-induced increases in transcription are critical for both early and late forms of LTP and are needed for long-lasting synaptic structural and protein expression changes.