Final answer:
Polar molecules, including glucose, amino acids, and ions, pass through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion using channel proteins and carrier proteins, without requiring energy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of molecule that passes via facilitated diffusion includes polar molecules such as glucose, amino acids, and certain ions that cannot easily slip through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane due to their polar nature. These molecules use transport proteins, such as channel proteins and carrier proteins, to move down their concentration gradient across the membrane without the expenditure of energy.
Channel proteins allow the passage of molecules and ions based on size and charge, while carrier proteins are more selective, often transporting one specific type of molecule across the cell membrane. An example of facilitated diffusion is the transportation of glucose into the cells by glucose transporters which are a type of carrier protein.