Final answer:
During secondary growth in plants, xylem and phloem are produced internally and externally to the vascular cambium, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
During secondary growth in plants, both xylem and phloem are produced internally to the vascular cambium. The layers of phloem are produced internally to the vascular cambium, while the layers of xylem are produced externally (towards the outside) of the vascular cambium. This process leads to the increase in stem thickness and the formation of secondary xylem and secondary phloem.