Final answer:
In the extraction of DNA, detergent is used to lyse cells, salt helps DNA precipitate, papain breaks down proteins, and alcohol precipitates DNA, allowing it to be collected.
Step-by-step explanation:
Functions of Detergent, Salt, Papain, and Alcohol in DNA Extraction
The process of extracting DNA from cells involves using several substances that each play a specific role. Detergent functions to lyse, or break open, the cells by disrupting the lipid bilayer in cell and nuclear membranes. Salt is used to help the DNA precipitate by neutralizing its charge, which aids in the DNA clumping together and becoming less soluble in water. Papain, a type of protease enzyme, helps to break down proteins that could contaminate the DNA sample. Alcohol, such as ethanol or isopropanol, is essential in the later stages of the extraction to precipitate the DNA, allowing it to be seen and collected as it forms a gelatinous mass.
Application in a DNA Extraction Experiment
An experiment to extract DNA could involve preparing a DNA extraction buffer using water, detergent, and salt, and then using this buffer to lyse cells. Once the cells are lysed, papain can be introduced to break down proteins, followed by the addition of alcohol to precipitate the DNA out of the solution. The DNA can then be collected for further analysis and stored at low temperatures for extended periods.