Final answer:
Inferences in literature are based on clues about characters' feelings and actions. Leona's despondent sigh indicates she does not enjoy math, whereas Chris facing the bully implies bravery, not dislike. Observing emotional cues and descriptive details helps readers make accurate inferences.
Step-by-step explanation:
From the provided excerpts, we can infer several things about the characters and their situations by noting the clues given in the text. In the example with Leona and her math book, the clue that she "sighed despondently" suggests that Leona does not enjoy mathematics, reflecting her emotions towards the subject. Similarly, the example featuring Brandon, whose "face fell" upon learning the trip was canceled, indicates disappointment, which is parallel to Leona's feeling towards mathematics.
Reading inferences require understanding the context of the situation and the characters' responses to it. For instance, in the scene with Chris confronting the bully, the action of striding up and looking the bully in the eye conveys confidence and readiness to face a challenge, which contrasts with Leona's despondency. Thus, this example is not about disliking the situation, but rather about demonstrating bravery.
To effectively infer, one needs to pay attention to descriptive details and emotional cues presented in the narrative. Clues such as expressions, actions, and reactions help readers gauge what the characters may be feeling or thinking, without it being directly stated.