Final answer:
Particle size significantly affects solubility; smaller particles increase solubility due to the larger surface area. Pressure greatly influences the solubility of gases, while temperature affects solubility of both solids and gases differently.
Step-by-step explanation:
Particle size has a notable impact on the solubility of substances. The correct answer to the question is that the effect of particle size on solubility is (d) Increases Solubility. Smaller particle sizes increase the surface area available for the solvent to interact with the solute, leading to a faster dissolution rate and typically an increased solubility. It’s important to note that this is particularly true for solids dissolving in liquids. However, for gases, factors such as pressure and temperature play a more significant role in affecting their solubility.
Effect of pressure on solubility: While pressure has minimal effects on the solubility of solids and liquids, it greatly affects the solubility of gases. An increased pressure above a solution can increase the solubility of a gas in the solution.
Effect of temperature on solubility: Generally, an increase in temperature leads to an increase in solubility for many solids. However, this is not a universal rule, and the temperature effect on solubility can vary with the nature of the substance. Such is the case with gases where an increase in temperature usually results in a decrease in solubility.