Final answer:
John F. Kennedy used a cause-and-effect structure (option d) in his Inaugural Address to clearly communicate challenges and calls to action. His use of parallelism and repetition, through techniques like anaphora and epistrophe, underlined the importance of clear communication, especially during critical events like the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Step-by-step explanation:
President John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address is a historic example of utilizing a cause-and-effect structure in delivering a message during times of stress. Kennedy's adept use of this structure enabled him to outline the causes being the aspirations and challenges of the era, and the effects as calls to action for unity and the pursuit of liberty. Within the context of high stakes like those during the Cuban Missile Crisis, it was imperative for Kennedy to effectively communicate the reasoning behind U.S. foreign policy strategies and their expected outcomes, ensuring that the sequence of events and their interconnectedness were clearly understood to prevent potential catastrophes.
Additionally, Kennedy applied techniques like parallelism and repetition that mirrored the clarity and urgency of his intent. These rhetorical strategies, specifically anaphora, and epistrophe, served to emphasize his points and organize the complex information within his speech, making the narrative both compelling and digestible. By keeping a careful timeline of events and aligning them with cause and effect, Kennedy maintained coherence in his communication, thereby conveying his message with precision and poise.