Final answer:
The type of involuntary action shown by the flow chart is Reflex Action (A), which is governed by the somatic nervous system and occurs without conscious thought, offering protection to the body from potential harm.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of involuntary action shown by the flow chart is A) Reflex Action. A reflex action is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus. Reflex actions are controlled by the somatic nervous system and occur without conscious thought. For example, the quick withdrawal of a hand from a hot surface is a reflex action. This swift response is crucial as it helps to protect the body from harm, highlighting the importance of reflex responses in maintaining the wellbeing of an organism.
The other components of the nervous system include the autonomic nervous system (ANS), responsible for managing involuntary actions that are not under conscious control, such as heart rate and digestion. The ANS is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions which control various involuntary physiological responses.