Final answer:
While running, the cardiovascular system transports oxygen to muscles and removes carbon dioxide, the respiratory system increases breathing rate for gas exchange, and the excretory system manages waste and water balance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cardiovascular, respiratory, and excretory systems collaborate intricately to support bodily functions while running. When you run, your muscles require more oxygen and produce more carbon dioxide. The respiratory system increases breathing rate to bring in more oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. This oxygen is transported by the cardiovascular system to active muscles, and carbon dioxide is carried back to the lungs. Meanwhile, the excretory system, particularly through the kidneys, regulates water and electrolytes, producing more concentrated urine to conserve water during the physical activity.
The cardiovascular system also diverts more blood flow to active muscles, the heart, and the lungs during exercise. The exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between tissues and the blood is essential for running and is managed by the cardiovascular and respiratory systems working in tandem. While these systems work to provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, the excretory system works to eliminate additional wastes and maintain balanced hydration levels.