Final answer:
Groundwater contamination occurs when pollutants are released into the ground and make their way down into groundwater.
Step-by-step explanation:
Groundwater contamination occurs when pollutants are released into the ground and make their way down into groundwater. There are several sources of contamination for groundwater, including:
- Industrial waste: Chemicals and toxic substances from factories and manufacturing plants can seep into the ground and contaminate groundwater.
- Agricultural chemicals: Pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture can leach into the ground and contaminate groundwater.
- Leaking underground storage tanks: Underground storage tanks that store petroleum or hazardous substances can corrode or leak, releasing pollutants into the ground and contaminating groundwater.
The effects of contaminated groundwater on humans can vary depending on the specific contaminant. Some common effects include:
- Health problems: Drinking or using contaminated groundwater can lead to various health issues, such as gastrointestinal problems, liver damage, and kidney damage.
- Developmental issues: Pregnant women and young children are particularly vulnerable to certain contaminants in groundwater, which can affect fetal development and cognitive function.
- Increased cancer risk: Long-term exposure to certain carcinogenic contaminants, such as benzene or arsenic, in groundwater can increase the risk of developing cancer.