Final answer:
England amassed wealth through its involvement in the slave trade, global trade by companies like the East India Company, and through mercantilist policies like the Navigation Laws. England's economic success was also supported by domestic industries such as coal mining and textile production. The country's social hierarchy and inheritance laws ensured that wealth stayed within the noble classes.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, England's wealth was substantial due to various economic practices and advantages. England had a dominant role in the slave trade and sugar production, which created substantial capital for those involved. The East India Company facilitated trade in tea and textiles with South Asia, enhancing wealth through its joint-stock company model. This model was critical for spreading ownership and limiting liability, encouraging investment and risk-taking, which was essential for the future of factories and other industries.
Additionally, the country's commitment to mercantilism led to policies like the Navigation Laws, ensuring a favorable balance of trade by monopolizing commerce with its colonies. These colonies provided raw materials at low costs, allowing England to manufacture goods and sell them at higher prices.
Domestically, coal mining and the production of linen and woolen cloth were key industries. In the sphere of governance, wealth and power were also intertwined through a social hierarchy where nobility was at the top, and wealth was inherited through primogeniture. This hierarchical structure maintained and passed on wealth within the upper classes, often leaving commoners with much less.