Final answer:
During the Mexican National Era, Texas experienced a growing mix of Anglo and African American migrants, as well as Mexican laborers and professionals, all of whom influenced the region's demographics. Cultural integration policies attempted by the Mexican government faced resistance, leading to political and economic tensions, with Texans maintaining a distinct identity from Mexican 'tejanos'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The demographic mix of people residing in Texas during the Mexican National Era was complex and diverse, influenced by various socio-political factors. The region saw significant migration from different groups seeking opportunities, with many Mexicans entering the United States to escape political upheaval and economic hardship between 1910 and 1920. The presence of Anglo and African American settlers seeking land, as well as Mexican laborers and professionals, contributed to the demographic changes. However, this era was also characterized by tensions and policies aimed at influencing the cultural makeup of Texas, including laws mandating Spanish for official transactions and incentivizing marriage between foreigners and Mexican citizens. These policies reflected an attempt by the Mexican government to integrate Americans into the Mexican community. Despite efforts, political, cultural, and economic tensions arose, and Texans maintained their distinct cultural identity while dominating local government and threatening the land rights of the Mexican 'tejanos'.