Final answer:
Management involves setting and achieving goals through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organization's actions. It includes instrumental and expressive leadership roles and is key for the coordination and functionality of various systems within an organization.
Step-by-step explanation:
The activity of individually and collectively setting and achieving goals by exercising related functions and coordinating various resources most closely describes management. This involves the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of an organization's actions to reach desired objectives. In the context provided, this would incorporate elements such as the leadership function which represents the main goal or focus of a leader, and could range from being instrumental (task-oriented) to expressive (emotional support-oriented).
An instrumental leader, such as an army general or a corporate CEO, primarily aims to accomplish tasks and reach efficiency. On the other hand, an expressive leader focuses on the emotional well-being and unity of the team. Both styles contribute to the management of an organization. Furthermore, solving coordination problems within a team or an organization can be approached by different methods, including delegating authority or group decision-making each entailing its own set of costs like transaction costs or conformity costs.
Furthermore, strong management is also critical for ensuring that interactions and coordination between different parts of an organization or, by analogy, between organ systems in a biological context, provide essential activities for the organism or organization as a whole as indicated in 4.A.4. Hence, management plays a pivotal role in both setting and achieving the goals within a structured setting.