Final answer:
The efferent processes of a nerve cell are the axons, carrying electrical signals away from the neuron's body. In the peripheral nervous system, a bundle of axons is referred to as a nerve.
Step-by-step explanation:
The efferent processes of a nerve cell are structures that carry signals away from the nerve cell's body. These structures are known as the axons. Axons are the part of a neuron that transmits electrical signals to a target cell, which can be another neuron, a muscle cell, or gland cells. The other parts of the neuron mentioned, such as dendrites, perikaryons, and nodes of Ranvier, have their own functions but are not considered efferent processes. Specifically, dendrites receive incoming signals from other neurons and nodes of Ranvier are the gaps in the myelin sheath that facilitate rapid conduction of nerve impulses. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is c) axons.
In the context of the peripheral nervous system, a bundle of axons is called a nerve, as described in reference material 12. With reference to the impulse transmission direction within a neuron, dendrites carry signals towards the cell body, while axons carry the signals away from it as stated in reference material 11.